*New research on alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), a potentially life-threatening allergy to red meat, suggests that its spread may be linked to various tick species.
Traditionally, the lone star tick has been considered the primary culprit behind AGS, but two newly reported cases challenge this assumption, per the New York Post. A 45-year-old woman in Maine and a 61-year-old woman in Washington developed AGS despite not having traveled to regions where the lone star tick is commonly found. Instead, scientists are now investigating the role of deer ticks and western black-legged ticks in transmitting the syndrome.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that as many as 450,000 Americans may have AGS, with cases steadily rising since 2010. The syndrome is triggered by a sugar molecule called alpha-gal, which is found in the meat of most mammals. When an infected tick bites a person, it introduces alpha-gal into the bloodstream, causing the immune system to develop an allergic response.
Symptoms of AGS typically appear between two to six hours after consuming red meat. Reactions can range from mild to severe and may include itchy skin, rashes, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and even anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening. Given the delay between ingestion and symptoms, many cases go undiagnosed for extended periods.
Currently, there is no cure for AGS. The best treatment is strict avoidance of red meat and other products containing alpha-gal. Those with severe reactions may need to carry an epinephrine auto-injector in case of accidental exposure.
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Preventing AGS starts with reducing tick exposure. The CDC recommends using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, staying on clear paths while hiking, and thoroughly checking for ticks after spending time outdoors. Promptly removing attached ticks and showering after outdoor activities can also help lower the risk.
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